Traité de Paris, 4 mars 1857
entre la Grande-Bretagne et la Perse

Le traité de Paris du 4 mars 1857 met fin à la guerre anglo-perse qui opposa , de novembre 1856 à avril 1857, l’Empire britannique à la Perse. Le traité acte le retrait des Perses d’Hérat et ont signés un traité de commerce. De leurs côtés les Britanniques ont accepté de ne pas accueillir les opposant au Shah.
La guerre anglo-perse opposant l’Empire britannique à la Perse pris fin en 1857. Les deux parties avaient pour de prendre le contre de la ville d’Herat qui avait déclaré son indépendance de la Perse.
Par la conclusion du traité de Paris en mars 1857 la Perse renonce à Hérat et signe un traité de commerce avec les Britanniques et s’engage à interdit le trafic d’esclaves.
Par la suite, les troupes britanniques évacuent la Perse pour aller combattre en Inde britannique. Le territoire d’cérat passera sous l contrôle effectif de l’Afghanistan en 1863.
Grande-Bretagne et Perse.
By the Minister Plenipotentiary (Mr. Murray) of that Government (England), and also concerning the affair of Herat, and also an arrangement of the affairs of Afghanistan; every promise and agreement, and arrangement, that he shall make will be agreed to and ratified by our Majesty with the greatest satisfaction; and in the fulfillment of these (arrangements), in which will result contentment to the Ministers of both parties, whatever is necessary to friendship will be observed.
Written in the month of Shawal, 1272.
XXV.
Traité de paix entre la Grande-Bretagne et la Perse, signé à Paris, le 4 mars 1857 *).
Texte anglais.
In the name of God the Almighty, the All-Merciful.
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, and His Majesty, whose Standard is the Sun, the Sacred, the August, the Great Monarch, the absolute King of Kings of all the States of Persia, being both equally and sincerely animated by a desire to put a stop to the evils of a war which is contrary to their friendly wishes and dispositions, and to re-establish on a solid basis the relations of amity which had so long existed between the two exalted States, by means of a Peace calculated for their mutual advantage and benefit, have appointed as their Plenipotentiaries, for carrying into effect this desired object, the following, that is to say:
Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, the Right Honourable Henry Richard Charles; Baron Cowley, a Peer of the United Kingdom, a Member of Her Majesty’s Most Honourable Privy Council, Knight Grand Cross of the Most Honourable Order of the Bath, Her Majesty’s Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to His Majesty the Emperor of the French, etc., etc., etc.;
And His Majesty the Shah of Persia, His Excellency the Abode of Greatness, the Favourite of the King, Ferokh Khan, Ameen Oolmoolk, the Great Ambassador of the Mighty State of Persia, the Possessor of the Royal Portrait, and of the Blue Cordon, the Bearer of the Diamondstudded Girdle, etc., etc., etc.;
Who, having exhibited and exchanged their full powers, and found them to be in due form, have agreed upon and concluded the following Articles:
Art. 1 – From the day of the exchange of the ratifications of the present Treaty, there shall be perpetual Peace and friendship between Her Majesty the Queen of the United Kingdom of Great Britain and Ireland, on the one part, and His Majesty the Shah of Persia, on the other, as likewise between their respective successors, dominions, and subjects.
Art. 2 – Peace being happily concluded between their said Majesties, it is hereby agreed that the forces of Her Majesty the Queen shall evacuate the Persian territory, subject to conditions and stipulations hereafter specified.
Art. 3 – The High Contracting Parties stipulate that all prisoners taken during the war by either belligerent shall be immediately liberated.
Art. 4 – His Majesty the Shah of Persia engages, immediately on the exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty, to publish a full and complete amnesty, absolving all Persian subjects who may have in any way been compromised by their intercourse with the British forces during the war, from any responsibility for their conduct in that respect, so that no persons, of whatever degree, shall be exposed to vexation, persecution, or punishment on that account.
Art. 5 – His Majesty the Shah of Persia engages further to take immediate measures for withdrawing from the territory and city of Herat, and from every other part of Afghanistan, the Persian troops and authorities now stationed therein: such withdrawal to be effected within three months from the date of the exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty.
Art. 6 – His Majesty the Shah of Persia agrees to relinquish all claims to sovereignty over the territory and city of Herat and the countries of Afghanistan, and never to demand from the Chiefs of Herat or of the countries of Afghanistan any marks of obedience, such as the coinage, ‘khotbeh’, or tribute.
His Majesty further engages to abstain hereafter from all interference with the internal affairs of Afghanistan.
His Majesty promises to recognize the independence of Herat, and of the whole of Affghanistan, and never to attempt to interfere with the independence of those States.
In case of differences arising between the Government of Persia and the countries of Herat and Affghanistan, the Persian Government engages to refer them for adjustment to the friendly offices of the British Government, and not to take up arms unless those friendly offices fail of effect.
The British Government, on their part, engage at all times to exert their influence with the States of Affghanistan, to prevent any cause of umbrage being given by them, or by any of them, to the Persian Government ; and the British Government, in the event of difficulties arising, will use their best endeavors to compose such differences in a manner just and honorable to Persia.
Art. 7 – In case of any violation of the Persian frontier by any of the States referred to above, the Persian Government shall have the right, if due satisfaction is not given, to undertake military operations for the repression and punishment of the aggressors; but it is distinetly understood and agreed to, that any military force of the Shah which may cross the frontier, for the above- mentioned purpose, shall retire within its own territory as soon as its object is accomplished, and that the exercise of the above-mentioned right is not to be made a pretext for the permanent occupation by Persia, or for the annexation to the Persian dominions, of any town or portion of the said States.
Art. 8 – The Persian Government engages to set at liberty without ransom, immediately after the exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty, all prisoners taken during the operations of the Persian troops in Affghanistan, and all Affghans who may be detained either as hostages or as captives on political grounds in any part of the Persian dominions shall, in like manner, be set free; provided that the Affghans, on their part, set at liberty, without ransom, the Persian prisoners and captives who are in the power of the Affghans.
Commissioners on the part of the two Contracting Powers shall, if necessary, be named to carry out the provisions of this Article.
Art. 9 – The High Contracting Parties engage that, in the establishment and recognition of Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, and Consular Agents shall be placed in the dominions of the other on the footing of the most favored nation. The treatment of their respective subjects and their trade shall also, in every respect, be placed on the same footing as the treatment of the subjects and commerce of the most favored nation.
Art. 10 – Immediately after the ratifications of this Treaty have been exchanged, the British Mission shall return to Tehran, when the Persian Government agrees to receive it with the apologies and ceremonies specified in the separate Note signed this day by the Plenipotentiaries of the High Contracting Parties.
Art. 11 – The Persian Government engages, within three months after the return of the British Mission to Tehran, to appoint a Commissioner, who, in conjunction with a Commissioner to be appointed by the British Government, shall examine into and decide upon the pecuniary claims of all British subjects upon the Government of Persia, and shall pay such of those claims as may ne pronounced just, either in one sum or by instalments, within a period not exceeding one year from the date of the award Commissioners. And the same Commissioners shall examine into and decide upon the claims on the Persian Government of all Persian subjects, or the subjects of other Powers, who, up to the period of the departure of the British Mission from Tehran, were under British protection, which they have not since renounced.
Art. 12 – Saving the provisions in the latter part of the preceding Article, the British Government will renounce the right of protecting hereafter any Persian subject not actually in the employment of the British Mission, or of British Consuls-General, Consuls, Vice-Consuls, or Consular Agents, provided that no such right is accorded to, or exercised by, any other foreign Powers; but in this, as in all other respects, the British Government requires, and the Persian Government engages, that the same privileges and immunities shall in Persia be conferred upon, and shall be enjoyed by, the British Government, its servants and its subjects, and that the same respect and consideration shall be shown for them, and shall be enjoyed by them, as are conferred upon and enjoyed by, and shown to, the most favoured foreign Government, its servants and its subjects.
Art. 13 – The High Contracting Parties hereby renew the Agreement entered into by them in the month of August 1851 (Shawal 1267), for the suppression of the Slave Trade in the Persian Gulf, and engage further that the said Agreement shall continue in force after the date at which it expires, that is, after the month of August 1862, for the further space of ten years, and for so long afterwards as neither of the High Contracting Parties shall, by a formal declaration, annul it; such declaration not to take effect until one year after it is made.
Art. 14 – Immediately on the exchange of the ratifications of this Treaty, the British troops will desist from all acts of hostility against Persia; and the British Government engages, further, that, as soon as the stipulations in regard to the evacuation, by the Persian troops, of Herat and the Afghan territories, as well as in regard to the reception of the British Mission at Tehran, shall have been carried into full effect, the British troops shall, without delay, be withdrawn from all ports, places, and islands belonging to Persia; but the British Government engages that, during this interval, nothing shall be designedly done by the Commander of the British troops to weaken the allegiance of the Persian subjects towards the Shah, which allegiance it is, on the contrary, their earnest desire to confirm; and, further, the British Government engages that, as far as possible, the subjects of Persia shall be secured against inconvenience from the presence of the British troops, and that all supplies which may be required for the use of those troops, and which the Persian Government engages to direct its authorities to assist them in procuring, shall be paid for, at the fair market price, by the British Commissariat, immediately on delivery.
Art. 15 – The present Treaty shall be ratified, and the ratifications exchanged at Baghdad in the space of three months, or sooner if possible.
In witness whereof the respective Plenipotentiaries have signed the same, and have affixed thereto the seal of their arms.
Done at Paris, in quadruplicate, this fourth day of the month of March, in the year of Our Lord one thousand eight hundred and fifty-seven.
(Signed) Cowley.
Ferokh (in Persian).
Separate Note referred to in Article X of the foregoing Treaty.
The Undersigned, Her Britannic Majesty’s Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to the Emperor of the French, and His Persian Majesty’s Ambassador Extraordinary and Plenipotentiary to His said Imperial Majesty, being duly authorized by their respective Governments, hereby agree that the following ceremonial shall take place for the re-establishment of diplomatic and friendly relations between the Courts of Great Britain and Persia. This agreement to have the same force and value as if inserted in the Treaty of Peace concluded this day between the Undersigned:
The Sadr Azim shall write, in the Shah’s name, a letter to Mr. Murray, expressing his regret at having uttered and given currency to the offensive imputations upon the honour of Her Majesty’s Minister, requesting to withdraw his own letter of the 19th of November, and the two letters of the Minister for Foreign Affairs of the 26th of November, one of which contains a rescript from the Shah, respecting the imputation upon Mr. Murray, and declaring, in the same letter, that no such further rescript from the Shah as that enclosed herewith in copy was communicated, directly or indirectly, to any of the foreign Missions at Tehran.
A copy of this letter shall be communicated, officially, by the Sadr Azim to each of the foreign Missions at Tehran, and the substance of it shall be made public in that capital.
The original letter shall be conveyed to Mr. Murray, at Baghdad, by the hands of some high Persian officer, and shall be accompanied by an invitation to Mr. Murray, in the Shah’s name, to return with the Mission to Tehran, on His Majesty’s assurance that he will be received, with all the honours and consideration due to the Representative of the British Government; another person of suitable rank being sent to conduct him, as Mehmandar, on his journey though Persia.
Mr. Murray, on approaching the capital, shall be received by persons of high rank deputed to escort him to his residence in the town. Immediately on his arrival there, the Sadr Azim shall go in state to the British Mission, and renew friendly relations with Mr. Murray, leaving the Secretary of State for Foreign Affairs to accompany him to the Royale Palace, the Sadr Azim receiving Mr. Murrey, and conducting him to the presence of the Shah.
The Sadr Azim shall visit the Mission at noon on the following day, which visit Mr. Murray will return, at latest, on the following day, before noon.
Done at Paris, this fourth day of the month of March, in the year one thousand hundred and fifty-seven.
(Signed) Cowley
Ferokh (in Persian)
Annex to the preceding Note
The Shah to the Sadr Azim
Décembre 1855
Last night we read the paper written by the English Minister Plenipotentiary, and were much surprised at the rude, unmeaning, disgusting, and insolent tone and purport. The letter which he before wrote was also impertinent. We have Aldo heard that, in his own house he is constantly speaking disrespectfully of us and of you, but he never believed ; now, however, he has introduced it in an official letter.
Le texte du traité est publié in
| 3,3 Mo Martens, N. R. G., t. XV, n° 25, pp. 114-120Pour les références bibliographiques des recueils mentionnés ci-dessous, voy. la page consacrée aux recueils de traités
La présente fiche a été réalisée dans le cadre du programme de stage au CERIC à l’Université d’Aix-Marseille.
Elle a été conçue par :
Lou Chatenet (fiche de contextualisation, illustration, résumé, transcription)
Auteur 2 (correction du texte intégral)
Pr. Romain Le Boeuf (sources, transcription du texte intégral)
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